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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1998, p. 202-227, Vol. 11, No. 1
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Typing of Enteroviruses: Current Status and Future Requirements

Peter Muir,1,* Ulrike Kämmerer,2 Klaus Korn,3 Mick N. Mulders,4 Tuija Pöyry,5 Benedikt Weissbrich,6 Reinhard Kandolf,2 Graham M. Cleator,7 and Anton M. van Loon4,8,dagger
for The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis

Department of Virology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London,1 and Division of Virology, University of Manchester Department of Pathological Sciences, Manchester,7 United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,2 Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen,3 and Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg,6 Germany; Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven,4 and Department of Virology, Academic Hospital, Utrecht,8 The Netherlands; and Enterovirus Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland5

Human enteroviruses have traditionally been typed according to neutralization serotype. This procedure is limited by the difficulty in culturing some enteroviruses, the availability of antisera for serotyping, and the cost and technical complexity of serotyping procedures. Furthermore, the impact of information derived from enterovirus serotyping is generally perceived to be low. Enteroviruses are now increasingly being detected by PCR rather than by culture. Classical typing methods will therefore no longer be possible in most instances. An alternative means of enterovirus typing, employing PCR in conjunction with molecular genetic techniques such as nucleotide sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization, would complement molecular diagnosis, may overcome some of the problems associated with serotyping, and would provide additional information regarding the epidemiology and biological properties of enteroviruses. We argue the case for developing a molecular typing system, discuss the genetic basis of such a system, review the literature describing attempts to identify or classify enteroviruses by molecular methods, and suggest ways in which the goal of molecular typing may be realized.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virology, UMDS St. Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd., London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom. Phone: (44) 171 922 8167. Fax: (44) 171 922 8387. E-mail: p.muir{at}umds.ac.uk.

dagger All authors are members of the European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis. Other group members are listed in the Appendix.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1998, p. 202-227, Vol. 11, No. 1
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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