Molecular Typing of Enteroviruses: Current Status and Future Requirements

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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1998, p. 202-227, Vol. 11, No. 1
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Typing of Enteroviruses: Current Status and Future Requirements

Peter Muir,¹^,^* Ulrike Kämmerer,² Klaus Korn,³ Mick N. Mulders,⁴ Tuija Pöyry,⁵ Benedikt Weissbrich,⁶ Reinhard Kandolf,² Graham M. Cleator,⁷ and Anton M. van Loon⁴^,⁸^,
for The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis

Department of Virology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London,¹ and Division of Virology, University of Manchester Department of Pathological Sciences, Manchester,⁷ United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,² Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen,³ and Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg,⁶ Germany; Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven,⁴ and Department of Virology, Academic Hospital, Utrecht,⁸ The Netherlands; and Enterovirus Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland⁵

Human enteroviruses have traditionally been typed according to neutralization serotype. This procedure is limited by the difficultyin culturing some enteroviruses, the availability of antiserafor serotyping, and the cost and technical complexity of serotypingprocedures. Furthermore, the impact of information derived fromenterovirus serotyping is generally perceived to be low. Enterovirusesare now increasingly being detected by PCR rather than by culture.Classical typing methods will therefore no longer be possiblein most instances. An alternative means of enterovirus typing,employing PCR in conjunction with molecular genetic techniquessuch as nucleotide sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization, wouldcomplement molecular diagnosis, may overcome some of the problemsassociated with serotyping, and would provide additional informationregarding the epidemiology and biological properties of enteroviruses.We argue the case for developing a molecular typing system, discussthe genetic basis of such a system, review the literature describingattempts to identify or classify enteroviruses by molecular methods,and suggest ways in which the goal of molecular typing may berealized.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virology, UMDS St. Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rd., London SE17EH, United Kingdom. Phone: (44) 171 922 8167. Fax: (44) 171 9228387. E-mail: p.muir{at}umds.ac.uk.

All authors are members of the European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis. Other group members arelisted in the Appendix.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1998, p. 202-227, Vol. 11, No. 1
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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