Klebsiella spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors

This Article

	Full Text
	Full Text (PDF)
	Alert me when this article is cited
	Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

	Similar articles in this journal
	Similar articles in PubMed
	Alert me to new issues of the journal
	Download to citation manager
	Copyright Information
	Books from ASM Press
	MicrobeWorld

Citing Articles

	Citing Articles via HighWire
	Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

	Articles by Podschun, R.
	Articles by Ullmann, U.
	Search for Related Content

PubMed

	PubMed Citation
	Articles by Podschun, R.
	Articles by Ullmann, U.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, October 1998, p. 589-603, Vol. 11, No. 4
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Klebsiella spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors

R. Podschun^* and U. Ullmann

Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella frequently cause human nosocomial infections. In particular, the medically mostimportant Klebsiella species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, accountsfor a significant proportion of hospital-acquired urinary tractinfections, pneumonia, septicemias, and soft tissue infections.The principal pathogenic reservoirs for transmission of Klebsiellaare the gastrointestinal tract and the hands of hospital personnel.Because of their ability to spread rapidly in the hospital environment,these bacteria tend to cause nosocomial outbreaks. Hospital outbreaksof multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp., especially those in neonatalwards, are often caused by new types of strains, the so-calledextended-spectrum- $beta$ -lactamase (ESBL) producers. The incidenceof ESBL-producing strains among clinical Klebsiella isolates hasbeen steadily increasing over the past years. The resulting limitationson the therapeutic options demand new measures for the managementof Klebsiella hospital infections. While the different typingmethods are useful epidemiological tools for infection control,recent findings about Klebsiella virulence factors have providednew insights into the pathogenic strategies of these bacteria.Klebsiella pathogenicity factors such as capsules or lipopolysaccharidesare presently considered to be promising candidates for vaccinationefforts that may serve as immunological infection control measures.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Brunswiker Str.4, 24105 Kiel, Germany. Phone: 431 5973305. Fax: 431 5973296.E-mail: Mikrobio.Kiel{at}t-online.de.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, October 1998, p. 589-603, Vol. 11, No. 4
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

Sahly, H., Keisari, Y., Crouch, E., Sharon, N., Ofek, I. (2008). Recognition of Bacterial Surface Polysaccharides by Lectins of the Innate Immune System and Its Contribution to Defense against Infection: the Case of Pulmonary Pathogens. Infect. Immun. 76: 1322-1332 [Full Text]
Twenhafel, N. A., Whitehouse, C. A., Stevens, E. L., Hottel, H. E., Foster, C. D., Gamble, S., Abbott, S., Janda, J. M., Kreiselmeier, N., Steele, K. E. (2008). Multisystemic Abscesses in African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) with Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae--Identification of the Hypermucoviscosity Phenotype. Vet Pathol 45: 226-231 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van Aartsen, J. J. (2008). The Klebsiella pheV tRNA locus: a hotspot for integration of alien genomic islands. Bioscience Horizons 1: 51-60 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jacobsen, S. M., Stickler, D. J., Mobley, H. L. T., Shirtliff, M. E. (2008). Complicated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Due to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21: 26-59 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wu, J. H., Wu, A. M., Tsai, C. G., Chang, X.-Y., Tsai, S.-F., Wu, T.-S. (2008). Contribution of Fucose-Containing Capsules in Klebsiella pneumoniae to Bacterial Virulence in Mice. Exp. Biol. Med. 233: 64-70 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Nagano, N., Cordevant, C., Nagano, Y. (2008). Upper and lower urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K2 and CTX-M-15 -lactamase-producing serotype K1: a case report and characterization of serum killing resistance. J Med Microbiol 57: 121-124 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kuo, C.-F., Wang, Y.-H., Lei, H.-Y., Wang, C.-H., Tsao, N. (2007). Concanavalin A Protects Mice from a Lethal Inoculation of Intragastric Klebsiella pneumoniae and Reduces the Induced Liver Damage. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 3122-3130 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Turton, J. F., Englender, H., Gabriel, S. N., Turton, S. E., Kaufmann, M. E., Pitt, T. L. (2007). Genetically similar isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 causing liver abscesses in three continents. J Med Microbiol 56: 593-597 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Wu, L.-T., Chang, S.-Y., Yen, M.-R., Yang, T.-C., Tseng, Y.-H. (2007). Characterization of Extended-Host-Range Pseudo-T-Even Bacteriophage Kpp95 Isolated on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 2532-2540 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kurupati, P., Tan, K. S. W., Kumarasinghe, G., Poh, C. L. (2007). Inhibition of Gene Expression and Growth by Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acids in a Multiresistant {beta}-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 805-811 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Renckens, R., Roelofs, J. J. T. H., Bonta, P. I., Florquin, S., de Vries, C. J. M., Levi, M., Carmeliet, P., van't Veer, C., van der Poll, T. (2007). Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is protective during severe Gram-negative pneumonia. Blood 109: 1593-1601 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Yeh, K.-M., Kurup, A., Siu, L. K., Koh, Y. L., Fung, C.-P., Lin, J.-C., Chen, T.-L., Chang, F.-Y., Koh, T.-H. (2007). Capsular Serotype K1 or K2, Rather than magA and rmpA, Is a Major Virulence Determinant for Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess in Singapore and Taiwan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 466-471 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Alves, M. S., Dias, R. C. d. S., de Castro, A. C. D., Riley, L. W., Moreira, B. M. (2006). Identification of Clinical Isolates of Indole-Positive and Indole-Negative Klebsiella spp.. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 3640-3646 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Munoz, M. A., Ahlstrom, C., Rauch, B. J., Zadoks, R. N. (2006). Fecal Shedding of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Dairy Cows.. J DAIRY SCI 89: 3425-3430 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Boddicker, J. D., Anderson, R. A., Jagnow, J., Clegg, S. (2006). Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae To Identify Genes That Influence Biofilm Formation on Extracellular Matrix Material.. Infect. Immun. 74: 4590-4597 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Padilla, E., Alonso, D., Domenech-Sanchez, A., Gomez, C., Perez, J. L., Alberti, S., Borrell, N. (2006). Effect of Porins and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC {beta}-Lactamases on the Efficacy of {beta}-Lactams in Rat Pneumonia Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 2258-2260 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Anderson, D. J., Engemann, J. J., Harrell, L. J., Carmeli, Y., Reller, L. B., Kaye, K. S. (2006). Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Bloodstream Infection Due to Ceftazidime-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 1715-1720 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sahly, H., Schubert, S., Harder, J., Kleine, M., Sandvang, D., Ullmann, U., Schroder, J. M., Podschun, R. (2006). Activity of human {beta}-defensins 2 and 3 against ESBL-producing Klebsiella strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 57: 562-565 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tumbarello, M., Spanu, T., Sanguinetti, M., Citton, R., Montuori, E., Leone, F., Fadda, G., Cauda, R. (2006). Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum-{beta}-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Risk Factors, Molecular Epidemiology, and Clinical Outcome. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 498-504 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Jenney, A. W., Clements, A., Farn, J. L., Wijburg, O. L., McGlinchey, A., Spelman, D. W., Pitt, T. L., Kaufmann, M. E., Liolios, L., Moloney, M. B., Wesselingh, S. L., Strugnell, R. A. (2006). Seroepidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Australian Tertiary Hospital and Its Implications for Vaccine Development. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 102-107 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Struve, C., Bojer, M., Nielsen, E. M., Hansen, D. S., Krogfelt, K. A (2005). Investigation of the putative virulence gene magA in a worldwide collection of 495 Klebsiella isolates: magA is restricted to the gene cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule serotype K1. J Med Microbiol 54: 1111-1113 [Full Text]
Paterson, D. L., Bonomo, R. A. (2005). Extended-Spectrum {beta}-Lactamases: a Clinical Update. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18: 657-686 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van 't Veen, A., van der Zee, A., Nelson, J., Speelberg, B., Kluytmans, J. A. J. W., Buiting, A. G. M. (2005). Outbreak of Infection with a Multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Associated with Contaminated Roll Boards in Operating Rooms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4961-4967 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fevre, C., Jbel, M., Passet, V., Weill, F.-X., Grimont, P. A. D., Brisse, S. (2005). Six Groups of the OXY {beta}-Lactamase Evolved over Millions of Years in Klebsiella oxytoca. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 3453-3462 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schembri, M. A., Blom, J., Krogfelt, K. A., Klemm, P. (2005). Capsule and Fimbria Interaction in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 73: 4626-4633 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Diancourt, L., Passet, V., Verhoef, J., Grimont, P. A. D., Brisse, S. (2005). Multilocus Sequence Typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae Nosocomial Isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4178-4182 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Frirdich, E., Bouwman, C., Vinogradov, E., Whitfield, C. (2005). The Role of Galacturonic Acid in Outer Membrane Stability in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 27604-27612 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Frirdich, E., Whitfield, C. (2005). Characterization of GlaKP, a UDP-Galacturonic Acid C4-Epimerase from Klebsiella pneumoniae with Extended Substrate Specificity. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4104-4115 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lincopan, N., McCulloch, J. A., Reinert, C., Cassettari, V. C., Gales, A. C., Mamizuka, E. M. (2005). First Isolation of Metallo-{beta}-Lactamase-Producing Multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Patient in Brazil. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 516-519 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Tanabe, M., Matsumoto, T., Shibuya, K., Tateda, K., Miyazaki, S., Nakane, A., Iwakura, Y., Yamaguchi, K. (2005). Compensatory response of IL-1 gene knockout mice after pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol 54: 7-13 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Woodford, N., Tierno, P. M. Jr., Young, K., Tysall, L., Palepou, M.-F. I., Ward, E., Painter, R. E., Suber, D. F., Shungu, D., Silver, L. L., Inglima, K., Kornblum, J., Livermore, D. M. (2004). Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Producing a New Carbapenem- Hydrolyzing Class A {beta}-Lactamase, KPC-3, in a New York Medical Center. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 4793-4799 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Campos, M. A., Vargas, M. A., Regueiro, V., Llompart, C. M., Alberti, S., Bengoechea, J. A. (2004). Capsule Polysaccharide Mediates Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides. Infect. Immun. 72: 7107-7114 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dubois, V., Poirel, L., Arpin, C., Coulange, L., Bebear, C., Nordmann, P., Quentin, C. (2004). SHV-49, a Novel Inhibitor-Resistant {beta}-Lactamase in a Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 4466-4469 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Decre, D., Burghoffer, B., Gautier, V., Petit, J.-C., Arlet, G. (2004). Outbreak of multi-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca involving strains with extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases and strains with extended-spectrum activity of the chromosomal {beta}-lactamase. J Antimicrob Chemother 54: 881-888 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sahly, H., Aucken, H., Benedi, V. J., Forestier, C., Fussing, V., Hansen, D. S., Ofek, I., Podschun, R., Sirot, D., Tomas, J. M., Sandvang, D., Ullmann, U. (2004). Increased Serum Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Producing Extended-Spectrum {beta}-Lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 3477-3482 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Brisse, S., Issenhuth-Jeanjean, S., Grimont, P. A. D. (2004). Molecular Serotyping of Klebsiella Species Isolates by Restriction of the Amplified Capsular Antigen Gene Cluster. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3388-3398 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hansen, D. S., Aucken, H. M., Abiola, T., Podschun, R. (2004). Recommended Test Panel for Differentiation of Klebsiella Species on the Basis of a Trilateral Interlaboratory Evaluation of 18 Biochemical Tests. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3665-3669 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Frirdich, E., Vinogradov, E., Whitfield, C. (2004). Biosynthesis of a Novel 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic Acid-containing Outer Core Oligosaccharide in the Lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 27928-27940 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Haeggman, S., Lofdahl, S., Paauw, A., Verhoef, J., Brisse, S. (2004). Diversity and Evolution of the Class A Chromosomal Beta-Lactamase Gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 2400-2408 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shankar-Sinha, S., Valencia, G. A., Janes, B. K., Rosenberg, J. K., Whitfield, C., Bender, R. A., Standiford, T. J., Younger, J. G. (2004). The Klebsiella pneumoniae O Antigen Contributes to Bacteremia and Lethality during Murine Pneumonia. Infect. Immun. 72: 1423-1430 [Abstract] [Full Text]
de Astorza, B., Cortes, G., Crespi, C., Saus, C., Rojo, J. M., Alberti, S. (2004). C3 Promotes Clearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae by A549 Epithelial Cells. Infect. Immun. 72: 1767-1774 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fang, C.-T., Chuang, Y.-P., Shun, C.-T., Chang, S.-C., Wang, J.-T. (2004). A Novel Virulence Gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Causing Primary Liver Abscess and Septic Metastatic Complications. J. Exp. Med. 199: 697-705 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Branger, J., Knapp, S., Weijer, S., Leemans, J. C., Pater, J. M., Speelman, P., Florquin, S., van der Poll, T. (2004). Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pneumonia in Mice. Infect. Immun. 72: 788-794 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Miranda, G., Castro, N., Leanos, B., Valenzuela, A., Garza-Ramos, U., Rojas, T., Solorzano, F., Chihu, L., Silva, J. (2004). Clonal and Horizontal Dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae Expressing SHV-5 Extended-Spectrum {beta}-Lactamase in a Mexican Pediatric Hospital. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 30-35 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Pichavant, M., Delneste, Y., Jeannin, P., Fourneau, C., Brichet, A., Tonnel, A.-B., Gosset, P. (2003). Outer Membrane Protein A from Klebsiella pneumoniae Activates Bronchial Epithelial Cells: Implication in Neutrophil Recruitment. J. Immunol. 171: 6697-6705 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schneiders, T., Amyes, S. G. B., Levy, S. B. (2003). Role of AcrR and RamA in Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Singapore. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 2831-2837 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Moore, T. A., Perry, M. L., Getsoian, A. G., Monteleon, C. L., Cogen, A. L., Standiford, T. J. (2003). Increased Mortality and Dysregulated Cytokine Production in Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1-Deficient Mice following Systemic Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Infect. Immun. 71: 4891-4900 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ben-Hamouda, T., Foulon, T., Ben-Cheikh-Masmoudi, A., Fendri, C., Belhadj, O., Ben-Mahrez, K. (2003). Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tunisian neonatal ward. J Med Microbiol 52: 427-433 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Chung, J. W., Altman, E., Beveridge, T. J., Speert, D. P. (2003). Colonial Morphology of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Genomovar III: Implications in Exopolysaccharide Production, Pilus Expression, and Persistence in the Mouse. Infect. Immun. 71: 904-909 [Abstract] [Full Text]
van der Zee, A., Steer, N., Thijssen, E., Nelson, J., van't Veen, A., Buiting, A. (2003). Use of Multienzyme Multiplex PCR Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing in Analysis of Outbreaks of Multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Intensive Care Unit. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 798-802 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Struve, C., Forestier, C., Krogfelt, K. A. (2003). Application of a novel multi-screening signature-tagged mutagenesis assay for identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae genes essential in colonization and infection. Microbiology 149: 167-176 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Moore, T. A., Perry, M. L., Getsoian, A. G., Newstead, M. W., Standiford, T. J. (2002). Divergent Role of Gamma Interferon in a Murine Model of Pulmonary versus Systemic Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Infect. Immun. 70: 6310-6318 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sahly, H., Ofek, I., Podschun, R., Brade, H., He, Y., Ullmann, U., Crouch, E. (2002). Surfactant Protein D Binds Selectively to Klebsiella pneumoniae Lipopolysaccharides Containing Mannose-Rich O-Antigens. J. Immunol. 169: 3267-3274 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Fang, C.-T., Chen, H.-C., Chuang, Y.-P., Chang, S.-C., Wang, J.-T. (2002). Cloning of a Cation Efflux Pump Gene Associated with Chlorhexidine Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 2024-2028 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Spanu, T., Luzzaro, F., Perilli, M., Amicosante, G., Toniolo, A., Fadda, G. (2002). Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum {beta}-Lactamases in Members of the Family Enterobacteriaceae in Italy: Implications for Resistance to {beta}-Lactams and Other Antimicrobial Drugs. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 196-202 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schofield, D. A., Westwater, C., Dolan, J. W., Schmidt, M. G., Norris, J. S. (2001). Controlled Expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri Using a Bacteriophage P1-Derived C1-Regulated Promoter System. J. Bacteriol. 183: 6947-6950 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lai, Y.-C., Peng, H.-L., Chang, H.-Y. (2001). Identification of Genes Induced In Vivo during Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43 Infection. Infect. Immun. 69: 7140-7145 [Abstract] [Full Text]
YOSHIDA, K., MATSUMOTO, T., TATEDA, K., UCHIDA, K., TSUJIMOTO, S., IWAKURA, Y., YAMAGUCHI, K. (2001). Protection against pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice by interferon-{gamma} through activation of phagocytic cells and stimulation of production of other cytokines. J Med Microbiol 50: 959-964 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Podschun, R., Pietsch, S., Holler, C., Ullmann, U. (2001). Incidence of Klebsiella Species in Surface Waters and Their Expression of Virulence Factors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3325-3327 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Keisari, Y., Wang, H., Mesika, A., Matatov, R., Nissimov, L., Crouch, E., Ofek, I. (2001). Surfactant protein D-coated Klebsiella pneumoniae stimulates cytokine production in mononuclear phagocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 70: 135-141 [Abstract] [Full Text]
STOCK, I., WIEDEMANN, B. (2001). Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. planticola, K. ornithinolytica and K. terrigena strains. J Med Microbiol 50: 396-406 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Brade, L., Podschun, R., Brade, H. (2001). A monoclonal antibody with specificity for the genus Klebsiella binds to a common epitope located in the core region of Klebsiella lipopolysaccharide. Innate Immunity 7: 119-124 [Abstract]
Noah, C., Brabetz, W., Gronow, S., Brade, H. (2001). Cloning, sequencing, and functional analysis of three glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the inner core region of Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide. Innate Immunity 7: 25-33 [Abstract]
Ofek, I., Mesika, A., Kalina, M., Keisari, Y., Podschun, R., Sahly, H., Chang, D., McGregor, D., Crouch, E. (2001). Surfactant Protein D Enhances Phagocytosis and Killing of Unencapsulated Phase Variants of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 69: 24-33 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Sahly, H., Podschun, R., Oelschlaeger, T. A., Greiwe, M., Parolis, H., Hasty, D., Kekow, J., Ullmann, U., Ofek, I., Sela, S. (2000). Capsule Impedes Adhesion to and Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 68: 6744-6749 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lai, Y.-C., Yang, S.-L., Peng, H.-L., Chang, H.-Y. (2000). Identification of Genes Present Specifically in a Virulent Strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 68: 7149-7151 [Abstract] [Full Text]
YOSHIDA, K., MATSUMOTO, T., TATEDA, K., UCHIDA, K., TSUJIMOTO, S., YAMAGUCHI, K. (2000). Role of bacterial capsule in local and systemic inflammatory responses of mice during pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol 49: 1003-1010 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Moore, T. A., Moore, B. B., Newstead, M. W., Standiford, T. J. (2000). {gamma}{delta}-T Cells Are Critical for Survival and Early Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression During Murine Klebsiella Pneumonia. J. Immunol. 165: 2643-2650 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Babini, G. S., Livermore, D. M. (2000). Are SHV beta -Lactamases Universal in Klebsiella pneumoniae?. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44: 2230-2230 [Full Text]
Held, T. K., Jendrike, N. R. M., Rukavina, T., Podschun, R., Trautmann, M. (2000). Binding to and Opsonophagocytic Activity of O-Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies against Encapsulated and Nonencapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype O1 Strains. Infect. Immun. 68: 2402-2409 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Yuan, M., Hall, L. M. C., Savelkoul, P. H. M., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Livermore, D. M. (2000). SHV-13, a Novel Extended-Spectrum beta -Lactamase, in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Patients in an Intensive Care Unit in Amsterdam. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44: 1081-1084 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Babini, G. S., Livermore, D. M. (2000). Antimicrobial resistance amongst Klebsiella spp. collected from intensive care units in Southern and Western Europe in 1997-1998. J Antimicrob Chemother 45: 183-189 [Abstract] [Full Text]
PODSCHUN, R., FISCHER, A., ULLMAN, U. (2000). Expression of putative virulence factors by clinical isolates of Klebsiella planticola. J Med Microbiol 49: 115-119 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Hickman-Davis, J. M., O'Reilly, P., Davis, I. C., Peti-Peterdi, J., Davis, G., Young, K. R., Devlin, R. B., Matalon, S. (2002). Killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 282: L944-L956 [Abstract] [Full Text]

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.	Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
J. Clin. Microbiol.	ALL ASM JOURNALS