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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1999, p. 126-146, Vol. 12, No. 1
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Underlying Fungal Strain Typing

John W. Taylor,1,* David M. Geiser,1,dagger Austin Burt,2 and Vassiliki Koufopanou2

Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102,1 and Department of Biology, Imperial College, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom2

Strain typing of medically important fungi and fungal population genetics have been stimulated by new methods of tapping DNA variation. The aim of this contribution is to show how awareness of fungal population genetics can increase the utility of strain typing to better serve the interests of medical mycology. Knowing two basic features of fungal population biology, the mode of reproduction and genetic differentiation or isolation, can give medical mycologists information about the intraspecific groups that are worth identifying and the number and type of markers that would be needed to do so. The same evolutionary information can be just as valuable for the selection of fungi for development and testing of pharmaceuticals or vaccines. The many methods of analyzing DNA variation are evaluated in light of the need for polymorphic loci that are well characterized, simple, independent, and stable. Traditional population genetic and new phylogenetic methods for analyzing mode of reproduction, genetic differentiation, and isolation are reviewed. Strain typing and population genetic reports are examined for six medically important species: Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and A. flavus. Research opportunities in the areas of genomics, correlation of clinical variation with genetic variation, amount of recombination, and standardization of approach are suggested.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102. Phone: (510) 642-5366. Fax: (510) 642-4995. E-mail: jtaylor{at}socrates.berkeley.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1999, p. 126-146, Vol. 12, No. 1
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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