Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Protection from and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases

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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1999, p. 19-39, Vol. 12, No. 1
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Protection from and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases

Ulrich Zügel¹^,^* and Stefan H. E. Kaufmann¹^,²

Department of Immunology, University Clinics Ulm, 89070 Ulm,¹ and Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin,² Germany

Increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsp) occurs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells when they are exposed to stress.By increasing their hsp content, cells protect themselves fromlethal assaults, primarily because hsp interfere with the uncontrolledprotein unfolding that occurs under stress. However, hsp are notproduced only by stressed cells; some hsp are synthesized constitutivelyand perform important housekeeping functions. Accordingly, hspare involved in the assembly of molecules which play importantroles in the immune system. It is not surprising that due to theirwide distribution and their homology among different species,hsp represent target antigens of the immune response. Frequentconfrontation of the immune system with conserved regions of hspwhich are shared by various microbial pathogens can potentiateantimicrobial immunity. However, long-term confrontation of theimmune system with hsp antigens which are similar in the hostand invaders may convert the immune response against these hostantigens and promote autoimmune disease. This review providesan overview of the role of hsp in immunity with a focus on infectiousand autoimmunediseases.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunology, University Clinics Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89070 Ulm,Germany. Phone: (49)731-502-3359. Fax: (49)731-502-3367. E-mail:ulrich.zuegel{at}medizin.uni-ulm.de.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1999, p. 19-39, Vol. 12, No. 1
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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