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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2000, p. 451-469, Vol. 13, No. 3
0893-8512/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Babesiosis

Mary J. Homer,1 Irma Aguilar-Delfin,2 Sam R. Telford III,3 Peter J. Krause,4 and David H. Persing1,*

Corixa Corporation and The Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 981041; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 559052; Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 021153; and Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 061064

Babesiosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted, zoonotic disease caused by hematotropic parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesial parasites (and those of the closely related genus Theileria) are some of the most ubiquitous and widespread blood parasites in the world, second only to the trypanosomes, and consequently have considerable worldwide economic, medical, and veterinary impact. The parasites are intraerythrocytic and are commonly called piroplasms due to the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells. The piroplasms are transmitted by ixodid ticks and are capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrate hosts which are competent in maintaining the transmission cycle. Studies involving animal hosts other than humans have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease process, including possible pathogenic mechanisms of the parasite and immunological responses of the host. To date, there are several species of Babesia that can infect humans, Babesia microti being the most prevalent. Infections with Babesia species generally follow regional distributions; cases in the United States are caused primarily by B. microti, whereas cases in Europe are usually caused by Babesia divergens. The spectrum of disease manifestation is broad, ranging from a silent infection to a fulminant, malaria-like disease, resulting in severe hemolysis and occasionally in death. Recent advances have resulted in the development of several diagnostic tests which have increased the level of sensitivity in detection, thereby facilitating diagnosis, expediting appropriate patient management, and resulting in a more accurate epidemiological description.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Corixa Corporation and The Infectious Disease Institute, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle, WA 98104. Phone: (507) 284-3747. Fax: (507) 284-3757. E-mail: persing{at}corixa.com.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2000, p. 451-469, Vol. 13, No. 3
0893-8512/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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