Leptospirosis

doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001

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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2001, p. 296-326, Vol. 14, No. 2
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Leptospirosis

Paul N. Levett^*

University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine & Research, and Leptospira Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Barbados

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with a much greater incidence in tropical regions and has now been identifiedas one of the emerging infectious diseases. The epidemiology ofleptospirosis has been modified by changes in animal husbandry,climate, and human behavior. Resurgent interest in leptospirosishas resulted from large outbreaks that have received significantpublicity. The development of simpler, rapid assays for diagnosishas been based largely on the recognition that early initiationof antibiotic therapy is important in acute disease but also onthe need for assays which can be used more widely. In this review,the complex taxonomy of leptospires, previously based on serologyand recently modified by a genotypic classification, is discussed,and the clinical and epidemiological value of molecular diagnosisand typing is alsoevaluated.

^* Mailing address: University of the West Indies, School of Clinical Medicine & Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados.Phone: (246) 427-5586. Fax: (246) 429-6738. E-mail: levett{at}sunbeach.net.

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