CMR FigSearch
Home Help [Feedback] [For Subscribers] [Archive] [Search] [Contents]
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow An erratum has been published
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ogra, P. L.
Right arrow Articles by Welliver, R. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ogra, P. L.
Right arrow Articles by Welliver, R. C.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2001, p. 430-445, Vol. 14, No. 2
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.2.430-445.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vaccination Strategies for Mucosal Immune Responses

Pearay L. Ogra,* Howard Faden, and Robert C. Welliver

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York at Buffalo, and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York

Mucosal administration of vaccines is an important approach to the induction of appropriate immune responses to microbial and other environmental antigens in systemic sites and peripheral blood as well as in most external mucosal surfaces. The development of specific antibody- or T-cell-mediated immunologic responses and the induction of mucosally induced systemic immunologic hyporesponsiveness (oral or mucosal tolerance) depend on complex sets of immunologic events, including the nature of the antigenic stimulation of specialized lymphoid structures in the host, antigen-induced activation of different populations of regulatory T cells (Th1 versus Th2), and the expression of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. Availability of mucosal vaccines will provide a painless approach to deliver large numbers of vaccine antigens for human immunization. Currently, an average infant will receive 20 to 25 percutaneous injections for vaccination against different childhood infections by 18 months of age. It should be possible to develop for human use effective, nonliving, recombinant, replicating, transgenic, and microbial vector- or plant-based mucosal vaccines to prevent infections. Based on the experience with many dietary antigens, it is also possible to manipulate the mucosal immune system to induce systemic tolerance against environmental, dietary, and possibly other autoantigens associated with allergic and autoimmune disorders. Mucosal immunity offers new strategies to induce protective immune responses against a variety of infectious agents. Such immunization may also provide new prophylactic or therapeutic avenues in the control of autoimmune diseases in humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, 219 Bryant St., Buffalo, NY 14222. Phone: (716) 878-7407. Fax: (716) 888-3804. E-mail: pogra{at}upa.chob.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2001, p. 430-445, Vol. 14, No. 2
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.2.430-445.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:



Home Help [Feedback] [For Subscribers] [Archive] [Search] [Contents]
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
J. Clin. Microbiol. ALL ASM JOURNALS

Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.