Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine

doi:10.1128/CMR.14.3.489-512.2001

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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2001, p. 489-512, Vol. 14, No. 3
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.489-512.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine

N. Beth Harris and Raúl G. Barletta^*

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska $---$ Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0905

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of a severe gastroenteritisin ruminants known as Johne's disease. Economic losses to thecattle industry in the United States are staggering, reaching$1.5 billion annually. A potential pathogenic role in humans inthe etiology of Crohn's disease is under investigation. In thisarticle, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics,and disease control measures of this important veterinary pathogen.We emphasize molecular genetic aspects including the descriptionof markers used for strain identification, diagnostics, and phylogeneticanalysis. Recent important advances in the development of animalmodels and genetic systems to study M. paratuberculosis virulencedeterminants are also discussed. We conclude with proposals forthe applications of these models and recombinant technology tothe development of diagnostic, control, and therapeuticmeasures.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Rm 211, VBS Bldg., Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University ofNebraska $---$ Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905. Phone: (402) 472-8543.Fax: (402) 472-9690. E-mail: rbarletta{at}unl.edu.

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