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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2002, p. 414-429, Vol. 15, No. 3
0893-8512/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.15.3.414-429.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

NF-{kappa}B Family of Transcription Factors: Central Regulators of Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions

Jorge Caamaño1 and Christopher A. Hunter2*

Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6008,2 MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Medicine, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom1

Transcription factors of the Rel/NF-{kappa}B family are activated in response to signals that lead to cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and these proteins are critical elements involved in the regulation of immune responses. The conservation of this family of transcription factors in many phyla and their association with antimicrobial responses indicate their central role in the regulation of innate immunity. This is illustrated by the association of homologues of NF-{kappa}B, and their regulatory proteins, with resistance to infection in insects and plants (M. S. Dushay, B. Asling, and D. Hultmark, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:10343-10347, 1996; D. Hultmark, Trends Genet. 9:178-183, 1993; J. Ryals et al., Plant Cell 9:425-439, 1997). The aim of this review is to provide a background on the biology of NF-{kappa}B and to highlight areas of the innate and adaptive immune response in which these transcription factors have a key regulatory function and to review what is currently known about their roles in resistance to infection, the host-pathogen interaction, and development of human disease.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6050. Phone: (215) 573-7772. Fax: (215) 573-7023. E-mail: chunter{at}phl.vet.upenn.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2002, p. 414-429, Vol. 15, No. 3
0893-8512/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.15.3.414-429.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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