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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2003, p. 129-143, Vol. 16, No. 1
0893-8512/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Pathogenic Human Viruses in Coastal Waters

Dale W. Griffin,1* Kim A. Donaldson,2 John H. Paul,2 and Joan B. Rose2

Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies, U.S. Geological Survey,1 College of Marine Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida 337012

This review addresses both historical and recent investigations into viral contamination of marine waters. With the relatively recent emergence of molecular biology-based assays, a number of investigations have shown that pathogenic viruses are prevalent in marine waters being impacted by sewage. Research has shown that this group of fecal-oral viral pathogens (enteroviruses, hepatitis A viruses, Norwalk viruses, reoviruses, adenoviruses, rotaviruses, etc.) can cause a broad range of asymptomatic to severe gastrointestinal, respiratory, and eye, nose, ear, and skin infections in people exposed through recreational use of the water. The viruses and the nucleic acid signature survive for an extended period in the marine environment. One of the primary concerns of public health officials is the relationship between the presence of pathogens and the recreational risk to human health in polluted marine environments. While a number of studies have attempted to address this issue, the relationship is still poorly understood. A contributing factor to our lack of progress in the field has been the lack of sensitive methods to detect the broad range of both bacterial and viral pathogens. The application of new and advanced molecular methods will continue to contribute to our current state of knowledge in this emerging and important field.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: USGS, Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies, 600 4th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701. Phone: (727) 803-8747 ext. 3113. Fax: (727) 803-2031. E-mail: dgriffin{at}usgs.gov.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2003, p. 129-143, Vol. 16, No. 1
0893-8512/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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