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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2004, p. 311-322, Vol. 17, No. 2
0893-8512/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.311-322.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Salmonella enterica Serotype Choleraesuis: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Disease, and Treatment{dagger}

Cheng-Hsun Chiu,1* Lin-Hui Su,2 and Chishih Chu3

Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital,1 Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan3

Nontyphoid Salmonella strains are important causes of reportable food-borne infection. Among more than 2,000 serotypes, Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis shows the highest predilection to cause systemic infections in humans. The most feared complication of serotype Cholearesuis bacteremia in adults is the development of mycotic aneurysm, which previously was almost uniformally fatal. The advances in diagnostic techniques, surgical care, and antimicrobial therapy have greatly improved the survival of these patients. However, the recent emergence of serotype Choleraesuis that is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and, notably, fluoroquinolone antibiotics has aroused concern about the use of these agents for the empirical treatment of systemic infection caused by this organism. In view of the serious implications of the situation, the chain of transmission and mechanism of resistance should be carefully studied to reduce the spread of infection and threat to human health. To date, there are no vaccines available to prevent serotype Choleraesuis infections in humans. The availability, in the near future, of the genome sequence of serotype Cholearesuis will facilitate the development of effective vaccines as well as the discovery of new targets for novel antimicrobial agents.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Phone: 886 3 3281200. Fax: 886 3 3288957. E-mail: chchiu{at}adm.cgmh.org.tw.

{dagger} We dedicate this article to professor Jonathan T. Ou with many thanks.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2004, p. 311-322, Vol. 17, No. 2
0893-8512/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.311-322.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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