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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2004, p. 370-389, Vol. 17, No. 2
0893-8512/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.370-389.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

DNA Vaccines against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in the Past Decade

Malavika Giri,1 Kenneth E. Ugen,2 and David B. Weiner3*

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,3 Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 336122

This article reviews advances in the field of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and AIDS vaccine development over the last decade, with an emphasis on the DNA vaccination approach. Despite the discovery of HIV-1 and AIDS in humans nearly 20 years ago, there is no vaccine yet that can prevent HIV-1 infection. The focus has shifted toward developing vaccines that can control virus replication and disease progression by eliciting broadly cross-reactive T-cell responses. Among several approaches evaluated, the DNA-based modality has shown considerable promise in terms of its ability to elicit cellular immune responses in primate studies. Of great importance are efforts aimed at improvement of the potency of this modality in the clinic. The review discusses principles of DNA vaccine design and the various mechanisms of plasmid-encoded antigen presentation. The review also outlines current DNA-based vaccine strategies and vectors that have successfully been shown to control virus replication and slow disease progression in animal models. Finally, it lists recent strategies that have been developed as well as novel approaches under consideration to enhance the immunogenicity of plasmid-encoded HIV-1 antigen in various animal models.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 349-8365. Fax: (215) 573-9436. E-mail: dbweiner{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2004, p. 370-389, Vol. 17, No. 2
0893-8512/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.370-389.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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