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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2004, p. 390-412, Vol. 17, No. 2
0893-8512/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.390-412.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Animal Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis

Andrew J. Easton,1 Joseph B. Domachowske,2 and Helene F. Rosenberg3*

University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom,1 State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York,2 Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland3

Pneumoviruses are single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Pneumovirinae, and include pathogens that infect humans (respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus), domestic mammals (bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses), rodents (pneumonia virus of mice), and birds (avian metapneumovirus). Among the topics considered in this review are recent studies focused on the roles of the individual virus-encoded components in promoting virus replication as well as in altering and evading innate antiviral host defenses. Advances in the molecular technology of pneumoviruses and the emergence of recombinant pneumoviruses that are leading to improved virus-based vaccine formulations are also discussed. Since pneumovirus infection in natural hosts is associated with a profound inflammatory response that persists despite adequate antiviral therapy, we also review the recent experimental treatment strategies that have focused on combined antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory approaches.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Building 10, Room 11N104, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 402-1545. Fax: (301) 402-4369. E-mail: hrosenberg{at}niaid.nih.gov.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2004, p. 390-412, Vol. 17, No. 2
0893-8512/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.390-412.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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