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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2005, p. 12-29, Vol. 18, No. 1
0893-8512/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.18.1.12-29.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

Gabriel A. Schmunis* and Jose R. Cruz

Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization for the Americas, Washington, D.C.

Appropriate selection of donors, use of sensitive screening tests, and the application of a mandatory quality assurance system are essential to maintain the safety of the blood supply. Laws, decrees, norms, and/or regulations covering most of these aspects of blood transfusion exist in 16 of the 17 countries in Latin America that are the subject of this review. In 17 countries, there is an information system that, although still incomplete (there are no official reports on adverse events and incidents), allows us to establish progress made on the status of the blood supply since 1993. Most advances originated in increased screening coverage for infectious diseases and better quality assurance. However, in 2001 to 2002, tainted blood may have caused infections in 12 of the 17 countries; no country reached the number of donors considered adequate, i.e., 5% of the population, to avoid blood shortages, or decreased significantly the number of blood banks, although larger blood banks are more efficient and take advantage of economies of scale. In those years, paid donors still existed in four countries and replacement donors made up >75% of the blood donors in another eight countries. In addition, countries did not report the number of voluntary donors who were repeat donors, i.e., the healthiest category. In spite of progress made, more improvements are needed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization for the Americas, 525 23rd St, N.W., Washington, DC 20037. Phone: (202) 974-3272. Fax: (202) 974-3656. E-mail: schmunig{at}paho.org.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2005, p. 12-29, Vol. 18, No. 1
0893-8512/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.18.1.12-29.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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