This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Vercammen, E.
Right arrow Articles by Beyaert, R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Vercammen, E.
Right arrow Articles by Beyaert, R.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2008, p. 13-25, Vol. 21, No. 1
0893-8512/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00022-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sensing of Viral Infection and Activation of Innate Immunity by Toll-Like Receptor 3

Elisabeth Vercammen, Jens Staal, and Rudi Beyaert*

Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a major group of transmembrane receptors that are involved in the detection of invading pathogens. Double-stranded RNA is a marker for viral infection that is recognized by TLR3. TLR3 triggering activates specific signaling pathways that culminate in the activation of NF-{kappa}B and IRF3 transcription factors, as well as apoptosis, enabling the host to mount an effective innate immune response through the induction of cytokines, chemokines, and other proinflammatory mediators. In this review, we describe the paradoxical role of TLR3 in innate immunity against different viruses and in viral pathogenesis but also the evidence for TLR3 as a "danger" receptor in nonviral diseases. We also discuss the structure and cellular localization of TLR3, as well as the complex signaling and regulatory events that contribute to TLR3-mediated immune responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium. Phone: 32-9-3313770. Fax: 32-9-3313609. E-mail: rudi.beyaert{at}dmbr.ugent.be

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 2008, p. 13-25, Vol. 21, No. 1
0893-8512/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00022-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Chen, G.-Y., Shiah, H.-C., Su, H.-J., Chen, C.-Y., Chuang, Y.-J., Lo, W.-H., Huang, J.-L., Chuang, C.-K., Hwang, S.-M., Hu, Y.-C. (2009). Baculovirus Transduction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Triggers the Toll-Like Receptor 3 Pathway. J. Virol. 83: 10548-10556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, N., Liang, Y., Devaraj, S., Wang, J., Lemon, S. M., Li, K. (2009). Toll-Like Receptor 3 Mediates Establishment of an Antiviral State against Hepatitis C Virus in Hepatoma Cells. J. Virol. 83: 9824-9834 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ma, Y., Ross, A. C. (2009). Toll-Like Receptor 3 Ligand and Retinoic Acid Enhance Germinal Center Formation and Increase the Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Response. CVI 16: 1476-1484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Romanova, L. I., Lidsky, P. V., Kolesnikova, M. S., Fominykh, K. V., Gmyl, A. P., Sheval, E. V., Hato, S. V., van Kuppeveld, F. J. M., Agol, V. I. (2009). Antiapoptotic Activity of the Cardiovirus Leader Protein, a Viral "Security" Protein. J. Virol. 83: 7273-7284 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Norden, R., Nystrom, K., Olofsson, S. (2009). Activation of host antiviral RNA-sensing factors necessary for herpes simplex virus type 1-activated transcription of host cell fucosyltransferase genes FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6 and subsequent expression of sLex in virus-infected cells. Glycobiology 19: 776-788 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vos, S. M., Yabsley, M. J., Howerth, E. W. (2009). Initial Sequencing and Tissue Distribution of Toll-like Receptor 3 mRNA in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis 45: 785-790 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Poenisch, M., Burger, N., Staeheli, P., Bauer, G., Schneider, U. (2009). Protein X of Borna Disease Virus Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Viral Persistence in the Central Nervous Systems of Newborn-Infected Rats. J. Virol. 83: 4297-4307 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Negishi, H., Osawa, T., Ogami, K., Ouyang, X., Sakaguchi, S., Koshiba, R., Yanai, H., Seko, Y., Shitara, H., Bishop, K., Yonekawa, H., Tamura, T., Kaisho, T., Taya, C., Taniguchi, T., Honda, K. (2008). A critical link between Toll-like receptor 3 and type II interferon signaling pathways in antiviral innate immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 20446-20451 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ngoi, S. M., Tovey, M. G., Vella, A. T. (2008). Targeting Poly(I:C) to the TLR3-Independent Pathway Boosts Effector CD8 T Cell Differentiation through IFN-{alpha}/{beta}. J. Immunol. 181: 7670-7680 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Taura, M., Eguma, A., Suico, M. A., Shuto, T., Koga, T., Komatsu, K., Komune, T., Sato, T., Saya, H., Li, J.-D., Kai, H. (2008). p53 Regulates Toll-Like Receptor 3 Expression and Function in Human Epithelial Cell Lines. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28: 6557-6567 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Daffis, S., Samuel, M. A., Suthar, M. S., Gale, M. Jr., Diamond, M. S. (2008). Toll-Like Receptor 3 Has a Protective Role against West Nile Virus Infection. J. Virol. 82: 10349-10358 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fodil-Cornu, N., Lee, S.-H., Belanger, S., Makrigiannis, A. P., Biron, C. A., Buller, R. M., Vidal, S. M. (2008). Ly49h-Deficient C57BL/6 Mice: A New Mouse Cytomegalovirus-Susceptible Model Remains Resistant to Unrelated Pathogens Controlled by the NK Gene Complex. J. Immunol. 181: 6394-6405 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»