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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2008, p. 505-518, Vol. 21, No. 3
0893-8512/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00055-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Host-Pathogen Interactions in Campylobacter Infections: the Host Perspective

Riny Janssen,1 Karen A. Krogfelt,2 Shaun A. Cawthraw,3 Wilfrid van Pelt,4 Jaap A. Wagenaar,5,6,7,8 and Robert J. Owen9*

Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands,1 Unit of Gastrointestinal Infections, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,2 Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom,3 Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands,4 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,5 Animal Sciences Group,6 WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter,7 World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Lelystad, The Netherlands,8 Gastrointestinal, Emerging, and Zoonotic Infections Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom9

Campylobacter is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. This study was aimed at summarizing the current understanding of host mechanisms involved in the defense against Campylobacter by evaluating data available from three sources: (i) epidemiological observations, (ii) observations of patients, and (iii) experimental observations including observations of animal models and human volunteer studies. Analysis of available data clearly indicates that an effective immune system is crucial for the host defense against Campylobacter infection. Innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immune responses are induced during Campylobacter infection, but the relative importance of these mechanisms in conferring protective immunity against reinfection is unclear. Frequent exposure to Campylobacter does lead to the induction of short-term protection against disease but most probably not against colonization. Recent progress in the development of more suitable animal models for studying Campylobacter infection has opened up possibilities to study the importance of innate and adaptive immunity during infection and in protection against reinfection. In addition, advances in genomics and proteomics technologies will enable more detailed molecular studies. Such studies combined with better integration of host and pathogen research driven by epidemiological findings may truly advance our understanding of Campylobacter infection in humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gastrointestinal, Emerging, and Zoonotic Infections Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 20 8327 6740. Fax: 44 20 8905 9929. E-mail: robert.owen{at}hpa.org.uk

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2008, p. 505-518, Vol. 21, No. 3
0893-8512/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00055-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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