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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, October 2009, p. 611-633, Vol. 22, No. 4
0893-8512/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00019-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Basic Concepts of Microarrays and Potential Applications in Clinical Microbiology

Melissa B. Miller1* and Yi-Wei Tang2 Author Bios

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,1 Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee2

Summary: The introduction of in vitro nucleic acid amplification techniques, led by real-time PCR, into the clinical microbiology laboratory has transformed the laboratory detection of viruses and select bacterial pathogens. However, the progression of the molecular diagnostic revolution currently relies on the ability to efficiently and accurately offer multiplex detection and characterization for a variety of infectious disease pathogens. Microarray analysis has the capability to offer robust multiplex detection but has just started to enter the diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Multiple microarray platforms exist, including printed double-stranded DNA and oligonucleotide arrays, in situ-synthesized arrays, high-density bead arrays, electronic microarrays, and suspension bead arrays. One aim of this paper is to review microarray technology, highlighting technical differences between them and each platform's advantages and disadvantages. Although the use of microarrays to generate gene expression data has become routine, applications pertinent to clinical microbiology continue to rapidly expand. This review highlights uses of microarray technology that impact diagnostic microbiology, including the detection and identification of pathogens, determination of antimicrobial resistance, epidemiological strain typing, and analysis of microbial infections using host genomic expression and polymorphism profiles.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Campus Box 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525. Phone: (919) 966-3723. Fax: (919) 966-0486. E-mail: mbmiller{at}unch.unc.edu

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, October 2009, p. 611-633, Vol. 22, No. 4
0893-8512/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00019-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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