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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Oct 1995, 479-495, Vol 8, No. 4
Copyright © 1995 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification, classification, and clinical relevance of catalase- negative, gram-positive cocci, excluding the streptococci and enterococci

R Facklam and JA Elliott
Childhood & Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

Several new genera and species of gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci that can cause infections in humans have been described. Although these bacteria were isolated in the clinical laboratory, they were considered nonpathogenic culture contaminants and were not thought to be the cause of any diseases. Isolation of pure cultures of these bacteria from normally sterile sites has led to the conclusion that these bacteria can be an infrequent cause of infection. This review describes the new bacteria and the procedures useful for clinical laboratories to aid in their identification. The clinical relevance and our experience with the various genera and species are reviewed and discussed.


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