This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Pirofski, L.-a.
Right arrow Articles by Casadevall, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Pirofski, L.-a.
Right arrow Articles by Casadevall, A.

Next Article 

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1998, p. 1-26, Vol. 11, No. 1
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Use of Licensed Vaccines for Active Immunization of the Immunocompromised Host

Liise-anne Pirofski and Arturo Casadevall*

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

The latter part of the 20th century has witnessed an unprecedented rise in the number of individuals with impaired immunity. This is primarily attributable to the increased development and use of antineoplastic therapy for malignancies, organ and bone marrow transplantation, and the AIDS epidemic. Individuals with impaired immunity are often at increased risk for infections, and they can experience more severe and complicated courses of infection. The lack of therapy for a variety of viruses and the rise in antimicrobial resistance of many pathogens have focused attention on vaccination to prevent infectious diseases. The efficacy of most licensed vaccines has been established in immunocompetent hosts. However, there is also considerable experience with most vaccines in those with impaired immunity. We reviewed the use of licensed live, inactivated, and polysaccharide vaccines in this group, and several themes emerged: (i) most vaccines are less immunogenic in those with impaired immunity than in normal individuals; (ii) live vaccines are generally contraindicated in this group; and (iii) the efficacy of many commonly used vaccines has not been established in people with impaired immunity. This review suggests that for most vaccines there are little or no efficacy data in those with impaired immunity but their use in this patient group is generally safe.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461. Phone: (718) 430-4260. Fax: (718) 430-8968. E-mail: casadeva{at}aecom.yu.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1998, p. 1-26, Vol. 11, No. 1
0893-8512/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Saville, S. P., Lazzell, A. L., Chaturvedi, A. K., Monteagudo, C., Lopez-Ribot, J. L. (2009). Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Candida albicans tet-NRG1 Strain as an Experimental Live Attenuated Vaccine against Hematogenously Disseminated Candidiasis. CVI 16: 430-432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tian, H., Groner, A., Boes, M., Pirofski, L.-a. (2007). Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine-Mediated Protection against Serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae in Immunodeficient Mice. Infect. Immun. 75: 1643-1650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fabrizio, K., Groner, A., Boes, M., Pirofski, L.-a. (2007). A Human Monoclonal Immunoglobulin M Reduces Bacteremia and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Systemic Pneumococcal Infection. CVI 14: 382-390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pirofski, L.-A. (2006). Of Mice and Men, Revisited: New Insights into an Ancient Molecule from Studies of Complement Activation by Cryptococcus neoformans.. Infect. Immun. 74: 3079-3084 [Full Text]  
  • Dadachova, E., Burns, T., Bryan, R. A., Apostolidis, C., Brechbiel, M. W., Nosanchuk, J. D., Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L. (2004). Feasibility of Radioimmunotherapy of Experimental Pneumococcal Infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 1624-1629 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maitta, R. W., Datta, K., Lees, A., Belouski, S. S., Pirofski, L.-a. (2004). Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Cryptococcus neoformans Capsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan Peptide Mimotope-Protein Conjugates in Human Immunoglobulin Transgenic Mice. Infect. Immun. 72: 196-208 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • May, R. J., Beenhouwer, D. O., Scharff, M. D. (2003). Antibodies to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Cross-React with an Epitope on the Polysaccharide Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans and Other Carbohydrates: Implications for Vaccine Development. J. Immunol. 171: 4905-4912 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Duchini, A., Goss, J. A., Karpen, S., Pockros, P. J. (2003). Vaccinations for Adult Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: Current Recommendations and Protocols. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 357-364 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L.-a. (2003). Exploiting the Redundancy in the Immune System: Vaccines Can Mediate Protection by Eliciting 'Unnatural' Immunity. JEM 197: 1401-1404 [Full Text]  
  • Beenhouwer, D. O., May, R. J., Valadon, P., Scharff, M. D. (2002). High Affinity Mimotope of the Polysaccharide Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans Identified from an Evolutionary Phage Peptide Library. J. Immunol. 169: 6992-6999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Q., Zhong, Z., Lees, A., Pekna, M., Pirofski, L. (2002). Structure-Function Relationships for Human Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide from Transgenic Mice with Human Immunoglobulin Loci. Infect. Immun. 70: 4977-4986 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Deepe, G. S. Jr., Gibbons, R. (2001). Protective Efficacy of H Antigen from Histoplasma capsulatum in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis. Infect. Immun. 69: 3128-3134 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sullivan, K. M., Dykewicz, C. A., Longworth, D. L., Boeckh, M., Baden, L. R., Rubin, R. H., Sepkowitz, K. A. (2001). Preventing Opportunistic Infections After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Practice Guidelines and Beyond. ASH Education Book 2001: 392-421 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Russell, N. D., Corvalan, J. R. F., Gallo, M. L., Davis, C. G., Pirofski, L.-a. (2000). Production of Protective Human Antipneumococcal Antibodies by Transgenic Mice with Human Immunoglobulin Loci. Infect. Immun. 68: 1820-1826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L.-a. (1999). Host-Pathogen Interactions: Redefining the Basic Concepts of Virulence and Pathogenicity. Infect. Immun. 67: 3703-3713 [Full Text]  
  • Zhong, Z., Burns, T., Chang, Q., Carroll, M., Pirofski, L. (1999). Molecular and Functional Characteristics of a Protective Human Monoclonal Antibody to Serotype 8 Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide. Infect. Immun. 67: 4119-4127 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»