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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1999, p. 40-79, Vol. 12, No. 1
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Current and Emerging Azole Antifungal Agents

Daniel J. Sheehan,1,* Christopher A. Hitchcock,2 and Carol M. Sibley3

Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Group, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York1; Department of Discovery Biology, Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom2; and Medical/Scientific Communications, Inc., Bloomfield, New Jersey3

Major developments in research into the azole class of antifungal agents during the 1990s have provided expanded options for the treatment of many opportunistic and endemic fungal infections. Fluconazole and itraconazole have proved to be safer than both amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Despite these advances, serious fungal infections remain difficult to treat, and resistance to the available drugs is emerging. This review describes present and future uses of the currently available azole antifungal agents in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections and provides a brief overview of the current status of in vitro susceptibility testing and the growing problem of clinical resistance to the azoles. Use of the currently available azoles in combination with other antifungal agents with different mechanisms of action is likely to provide enhanced efficacy. Detailed information on some of the second-generation triazoles being developed to provide extended coverage of opportunistic, endemic, and emerging fungal pathogens, as well as those in which resistance to older agents is becoming problematic, is provided.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Group, Pfizer Inc., 235 East 42nd St., New York, NY 10017-5755. Phone: (212) 573-7741. Fax: (212) 573-5916. E-mail: sheehd{at}pfizer.com.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, January 1999, p. 40-79, Vol. 12, No. 1
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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