This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bowler, P. G.
Right arrow Articles by Armstrong, D. G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bowler, P. G.
Right arrow Articles by Armstrong, D. G.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2001, p. 244-269, Vol. 14, No. 2
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.2.244-269.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management

P. G. Bowler,1,* B. I. Duerden,2,3 and D. G. Armstrong4,5

ConvaTec Global Development Center, Deeside, Flintshire,1 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff,2 Public Health Laboratory Service, London,3 and Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester,4 United Kingdom, and Department of Surgery, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona5

The majority of dermal wounds are colonized with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that originate predominantly from mucosal surfaces such as those of the oral cavity and gut. The role and significance of microorganisms in wound healing has been debated for many years. While some experts consider the microbial density to be critical in predicting wound healing and infection, others consider the types of microorganisms to be of greater importance. However, these and other factors such as microbial synergy, the host immune response, and the quality of tissue must be considered collectively in assessing the probability of infection. Debate also exists regarding the value of wound sampling, the types of wounds that should be sampled, and the sampling technique required to generate the most meaningful data. In the laboratory, consideration must be given to the relevance of culturing polymicrobial specimens, the value in identifying one or more microorganisms, and the microorganisms that should be assayed for antibiotic susceptibility. Although appropriate systemic antibiotics are essential for the treatment of deteriorating, clinically infected wounds, debate exists regarding the relevance and use of antibiotics (systemic or topical) and antiseptics (topical) in the treatment of nonhealing wounds that have no clinical signs of infection. In providing a detailed analysis of wound microbiology, together with current opinion and controversies regarding wound assessment and treatment, this review has attempted to capture and address microbiological aspects that are critical to the successful management of microorganisms in wounds.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: ConvaTec GDC, First Avenue, Deeside Industrial Park, Deeside, Flintshire CH5 2NU, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (0) 1244 584300. Fax: 44 (0) 1244 584311. E-mail: phil.bowler{at}bms.com.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2001, p. 244-269, Vol. 14, No. 2
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.2.244-269.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Rogers, G. B., Carroll, M. P., Bruce, K. D. (2009). Studying bacterial infections through culture-independent approaches. J Med Microbiol 58: 1401-1418 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kleemann, T., Becker, T., Strauss, M., Dyck, N., Weisse, U., Saggau, W., Burkhardt, U., Seidl, K. (2009). Prevalence of bacterial colonization of generator pockets in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients without signs of infection undergoing generator replacement or lead revision. Europace 0: eup334v1-eup334 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Karlsson, C., Eliasson, M., Olin, A. I., Morgelin, M., Karlsson, A., Malmsten, M., Egesten, A., Frick, I.-M. (2009). SufA of the Opportunistic Pathogen Finegoldia magna Modulates Actions of the Antibacterial Chemokine MIG/CXCL9, Promoting Bacterial Survival during Epithelial Inflammation. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 29499-29508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gardner, S. E., Hillis, S. L., Frantz, R. A. (2009). Clinical Signs of Infection in Diabetic Foot Ulcers With High Microbial Load. Biol Res Nurs 11: 119-128 [Abstract]  
  • Charneski, L., Patel, P. N, Sym, D. (2009). Telavancin: A Novel Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotic. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 43: 928-938 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gardner, S. E., Frantz, R. A. (2008). Wound Bioburden and Infection-Related Complications in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Biol Res Nurs 10: 44-53 [Abstract]  
  • Jaklic, D., Lapanje, A., Zupancic, K., Smrke, D., Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2008). Selective antimicrobial activity of maggots against pathogenic bacteria. J Med Microbiol 57: 617-625 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Linge, H. M., Sastalla, I., Nitsche-Schmitz, D. P., Egesten, A., Frick, I.-M. (2007). Protein FOG is a moderate inducer of MIG/CXCL9, and group G streptococci are more tolerant than group A streptococci to this chemokine's antibacterial effect. Microbiology 153: 3800-3808 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Munson, E., Block, T., Basile, J., Hryciuk, J. E., Schell, R. F. (2007). Mechanisms To Assess Gram Stain Interpretation Proficiency of Technologists at Satellite Laboratories. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 3754-3758 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Citron, D. M., Goldstein, E. J. C., Merriam, C. V., Lipsky, B. A., Abramson, M. A. (2007). Bacteriology of Moderate-to-Severe Diabetic Foot Infections and In Vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Agents. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 2819-2828 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thorn, R. M. S., Nelson, S. M., Greenman, J. (2007). Use of a Bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain within an In Vitro Microbiological System, as a Model of Wound Infection, To Assess the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Wound Dressings by Monitoring Light Production. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 3217-3224 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Smellie, W S A, Shaw, N, Bowlees, R, Taylor, A, Howell-Jones, R, McNulty, C A M (2007). Best practice in primary care pathology: review 9. J. Clin. Pathol. 60: 966-974 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xu, L., McLennan, S. V., Lo, L., Natfaji, A., Bolton, T., Liu, Y., Twigg, S. M., Yue, D. K. (2007). Bacterial Load Predicts Healing Rate in Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care 30: 378-380 [Full Text]  
  • Decroos, K., Eeckhaut, E., Possemiers, S., Verstraete, W. (2006). Administration of Equol-Producing Bacteria Alters the Equol Production Status in the Simulator of the Gastrointestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). J. Nutr. 136: 946-952 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tuft, S (2006). Polymicrobial infection and the eye.. Br J Ophthalmol 90: 257-258 [Full Text]  
  • Fontes, C. O, Carvalho, M. A. R, Nicoli, J. R, Hamdan, J. S, Mayrink, W., Genaro, O., Carmo, L. S, Farias, L. M (2005). Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of micro-organisms recovered from cutaneous lesions of human American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Med Microbiol 54: 1071-1076 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lipsky, B. A., Berendt, A. R., Deery, H. G., Embil, J. M., Joseph, W. S., Karchmer, A. W., LeFrock, J. L., Lew, D. P., Mader, J. T., Norden, C., Tan, J. S. (2005). Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 95: 183-210 [Full Text]  
  • Howell-Jones, R. S., Wilson, M. J., Hill, K. E., Howard, A. J., Price, P. E., Thomas, D. W. (2005). A review of the microbiology, antibiotic usage and resistance in chronic skin wounds. J Antimicrob Chemother 55: 143-149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nadkarni, M. A., Caldon, C. E., Chhour, K.-L., Fisher, I. P., Martin, F. E., Jacques, N. A., Hunter, N. (2004). Carious Dentine Provides a Habitat for a Complex Array of Novel Prevotella-Like Bacteria. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 5238-5244 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kintarak, S., Whawell, S. A., Speight, P. M., Packer, S., Nair, S. P. (2004). Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by Human Keratinocytes. Infect. Immun. 72: 5668-5675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Davies, C. E., Hill, K. E., Wilson, M. J., Stephens, P., Hill, C. M., Harding, K. G., Thomas, D. W. (2004). Use of 16S Ribosomal DNA PCR and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis for Analysis of the Microfloras of Healing and Nonhealing Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3549-3557 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carlier, J.-P., K'ouas, G., Lozniewski, A., Sirveaux, F., Cailloux, P., Mory, F. (2004). Osteosynthesis-Associated Bone Infection Caused by a Nonproteolytic, Nontoxigenic Clostridium botulinum-Like Strain. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 484-486 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shittu, A., Lin, J., Morrison, D., Kolawole, D. (2004). Isolation and molecular characterization of multiresistant Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus haemolyticus associated with skin and soft-tissue infections. J Med Microbiol 53: 51-55 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Martin, F. E., Nadkarni, M. A., Jacques, N. A., Hunter, N. (2002). Quantitative Microbiological Study of Human Carious Dentine by Culture and Real-Time PCR: Association of Anaerobes with Histopathological Changes in Chronic Pulpitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1698-1704 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»