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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2001, p. 489-512, Vol. 14, No. 3
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.489-512.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine

N. Beth Harris and Raúl G. Barletta*

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska---Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0905

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of a severe gastroenteritis in ruminants known as Johne's disease. Economic losses to the cattle industry in the United States are staggering, reaching $1.5 billion annually. A potential pathogenic role in humans in the etiology of Crohn's disease is under investigation. In this article, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and disease control measures of this important veterinary pathogen. We emphasize molecular genetic aspects including the description of markers used for strain identification, diagnostics, and phylogenetic analysis. Recent important advances in the development of animal models and genetic systems to study M. paratuberculosis virulence determinants are also discussed. We conclude with proposals for the applications of these models and recombinant technology to the development of diagnostic, control, and therapeutic measures.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Rm 211, VBS Bldg., Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska---Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905. Phone: (402) 472-8543. Fax: (402) 472-9690. E-mail: rbarletta{at}unl.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2001, p. 489-512, Vol. 14, No. 3
0893-8512/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.489-512.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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