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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April 2007, p. 323-367, Vol. 20, No. 2
0893-8512/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/CMR.00031-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Epidemiology and Control of Neosporosis and Neospora caninum

Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705,¹ Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut—Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Seestrasse 55, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany,² SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain³

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.

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