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Clinical Microbiology Reviews
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  • Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential
    Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential
  • iNKT Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases
    iNKT Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases
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Latest Articles

  • Free
    Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Systemic Infection
    Review
    Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Systemic Infection

    To date, seven identified coronaviruses (CoVs) have been found to infect humans; of these, three highly pathogenic variants have emerged in the 21st century. The newest member of this group, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected at the end of 2019 in Hubei province, China.

    Aleksandra Synowiec, Artur Szczepański, Emilia Barreto-Duran, Laurensius Kevin Lie, Krzysztof Pyrc
    13 Jan 2021
  • Type I Natural Killer T Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases
    Review
    Type I Natural Killer T Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases

    The immune system must work in an orchestrated way to achieve an optimal response upon detection of antigens. The cells comprising the immune response are traditionally divided into two major subsets, innate and adaptive, with particular characteristics for each type. Type I natural killer T (iNKT) cells are defined as innate-like T cells sharing features with both traditional adaptive and innate cells, such as the expression of an...

    Nicolás M. S. Gálvez, Karen Bohmwald, Gaspar A. Pacheco, Catalina A. Andrade, Leandro J. Carreño, Alexis M. Kalergis
    23 Dec 2020
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus lugdunensis</span>: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential
    Review
    Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential

    Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) that causes serious infections in humans akin to those of S. aureus. It was often misidentified as S. aureus, but this has been rectified by...

    Simon Heilbronner, Timothy J. Foster
    23 Dec 2020
  • Free
    Acknowledgment of Reviewers
    Acknowledgment of Reviewers
    Acknowledgment of Reviewers
    Jo-Anne H. Young
    9 Dec 2020
  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Yersinia pestis</span>: the Natural History of Plague
    Review
    Yersinia pestis: the Natural History of Plague

    The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for deadly plague, a zoonotic disease established in stable foci in the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia. Its persistence in the environment relies on the subtle balance between Y. pestis-contaminated soils, burrowing and nonburrowing mammals...

    R. Barbieri, M. Signoli, D. Chevé, C. Costedoat, S. Tzortzis, G. Aboudharam, D. Raoult, M. Drancourt
    9 Dec 2020
  • Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis
    Review
    Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

    Toxoplasma gondii is known to infect a considerable number of mammalian and avian species and a substantial proportion of the world’s human population. The parasite has an impressive ability to disseminate within the host’s body and employs various tactics to overcome the highly regulatory blood-brain barrier and reside in the brain. In healthy individuals,...

    Hany M. Elsheikha, Christina M. Marra, Xing-Quan Zhu
    25 Nov 2020
  • Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation
    Review
    Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

    Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), collectively termed HHV-6A/B, are neurotropic viruses that permanently infect most humans from an early age. Although most people infected with these viruses appear to suffer no ill effects, the viruses are a well-established cause of encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. In this review, we summarize the evidence that the viruses may also be one trigger for febrile...

    Anthony L. Komaroff, Philip E. Pellett, Steven Jacobson
    11 Nov 2020
  • New β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations
    Review
    New β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations

    The limited armamentarium against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli has led to the development of several novel β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLBLIs). In this review, we summarize their spectrum of in vitro activities, mechanisms of resistance, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) characteristics. A summary of available clinical data is provided per drug. Four approved BLBLIs are discussed in detail....

    Dafna Yahav, Christian G. Giske, Alise Grāmatniece, Henrietta Abodakpi, Vincent H. Tam, Leonard Leibovici
    11 Nov 2020
  • Free
    SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles
    Review
    SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles

    Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2’s mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. The objective of this review is to identify and appraise the available evidence (clinical trials and laboratory studies on masks and respirators, epidemiological studies, and air sampling studies), clarify key concepts and necessary...

    X. Sophie Zhang, Caroline Duchaine
    28 Oct 2020
  • State of the Art in the Culture of the Human Microbiota: New Interests and Strategies
    Review
    State of the Art in the Culture of the Human Microbiota: New Interests and Strategies

    The last 5 years have seen a turning point in the study of the gut microbiota with a rebirth of culture-dependent approaches to study the gut microbiota. High-throughput methods have been developed to study bacterial diversity with culture conditions aimed at mimicking the gut environment by using rich media such as YCFA (yeast extract, casein hydrolysate, fatty acids) and Gifu anaerobic medium in an anaerobic workstation, as well as...

    Maryam Tidjani Alou, Sabrina Naud, Saber Khelaifia, Marion Bonnet, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Didier Raoult
    28 Oct 2020
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Clinical Microbiology Reviews ® (CMR) analyzes the latest developments in clinical microbiology and immunology, providing the current state of knowledge in the field, as well as balanced, thought-provoking perspectives on controversial issues.

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