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Review

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection

Vincent C. C. Cheng, Susanna K. P. Lau, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Kwok Yung Yuen
Vincent C. C. Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Susanna K. P. Lau
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Patrick C. Y. Woo
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Kwok Yung Yuen
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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  • For correspondence: hkumicro@hkucc.hku.hk
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00023-07
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SUMMARY

SUMMARY Before the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, only 12 other animal or human coronaviruses were known. The discovery of this virus was soon followed by the discovery of the civet and bat SARS-CoV and the human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1. Surveillance of coronaviruses in many animal species has increased the number on the list of coronaviruses to at least 36. The explosive nature of the first SARS epidemic, the high mortality, its transient reemergence a year later, and economic disruptions led to a rush on research of the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, immunological, virological, and other basic scientific aspects of the virus and the disease. This research resulted in over 4,000 publications, only some of the most representative works of which could be reviewed in this article. The marked increase in the understanding of the virus and the disease within such a short time has allowed the development of diagnostic tests, animal models, antivirals, vaccines, and epidemiological and infection control measures, which could prove to be useful in randomized control trials if SARS should return. The findings that horseshoe bats are the natural reservoir for SARS-CoV-like virus and that civets are the amplification host highlight the importance of wildlife and biosecurity in farms and wet markets, which can serve as the source and amplification centers for emerging infections.

  • Copyright © 2007 American Society for Microbiology
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection
Vincent C. C. Cheng, Susanna K. P. Lau, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Kwok Yung Yuen
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2007, 20 (4) 660-694; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00023-07

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection
Vincent C. C. Cheng, Susanna K. P. Lau, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Kwok Yung Yuen
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2007, 20 (4) 660-694; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00023-07
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  • Top
  • Article
    • SUMMARY
    • INTRODUCTION
    • TAXONOMY AND VIROLOGY OF SARS-CoV
    • VIRAL LIFE CYCLE
    • SEQUENCE OF THE SARS EPIDEMIC AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS
    • EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
    • CLINICAL FEATURES
    • HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF SARS
    • PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNE RESPONSE, AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY
    • LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF SARS-CoV INFECTION
    • CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND ANTIVIRALS
    • INFECTION CONTROL AND LABORATORY SAFETY
    • PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SARS-CoV VACCINE
    • ANIMAL MODELS AND ANIMALS SUSCEPTIBLE TO SARS-CoV
    • SHOULD WE BE READY FOR THE REEMERGENCE OF SARS?
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
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KEYWORDS

Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Disease Outbreaks
SARS Virus
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

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