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Review

Human Rhinoviruses

Samantha E. Jacobs, Daryl M. Lamson, Kirsten St. George, Thomas J. Walsh
Samantha E. Jacobs
aTransplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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  • For correspondence: sej9006@med.cornell.edu
Daryl M. Lamson
bLaboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA
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Kirsten St. George
bLaboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA
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Thomas J. Walsh
aTransplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00077-12
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SUMMARY

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), first discovered in the 1950s, are responsible for more than one-half of cold-like illnesses and cost billions of dollars annually in medical visits and missed days of work. Advances in molecular methods have enhanced our understanding of the genomic structure of HRV and have led to the characterization of three genetically distinct HRV groups, designated groups A, B, and C, within the genus Enterovirus and the family Picornaviridae. HRVs are traditionally associated with upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, and sinusitis. In recent years, the increasing implementation of PCR assays for respiratory virus detection in clinical laboratories has facilitated the recognition of HRV as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in patients with asthma, infants, elderly patients, and immunocompromised hosts. Cultured isolates of HRV remain important for studies of viral characteristics and disease pathogenesis. Indeed, whether the clinical manifestations of HRV are related directly to viral pathogenicity or secondary to the host immune response is the subject of ongoing research. There are currently no approved antiviral therapies for HRVs, and treatment remains primarily supportive. This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the basic virology, pathogenesis, clinical epidemiology, and laboratory features of and treatment and prevention strategies for HRVs.

  • Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Human Rhinoviruses
Samantha E. Jacobs, Daryl M. Lamson, Kirsten St. George, Thomas J. Walsh
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 2013, 26 (1) 135-162; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00077-12

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Human Rhinoviruses
Samantha E. Jacobs, Daryl M. Lamson, Kirsten St. George, Thomas J. Walsh
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 2013, 26 (1) 135-162; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00077-12
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  • Article
    • SUMMARY
    • INTRODUCTION
    • BASIC VIROLOGY
    • PATHOGENESIS AND HOST RESPONSE
    • EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SYNDROMES
    • LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
    • ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
    • PREVENTION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • REFERENCES
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