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Review

Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st Century: Past, Evolution, and Future

Magnus Unemo, William M. Shafer
Magnus Unemo
aWHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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William M. Shafer
bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
cLaboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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  • For correspondence: wshafer@emory.edu
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00010-14
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Article Information

DOI 
https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00010-14
PubMed 
24982323

Published By 
American Society for Microbiology Journals
History 
  • Published online June 30, 2014.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Author Information

  1. Magnus Unemoa and
  2. William M. Shaferb,c⇑
  1. aWHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
  2. bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
  3. cLaboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
  • Address correspondence to William M. Shafer, wshafer{at}emory.edu.
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st Century: Past, Evolution, and Future
Magnus Unemo, William M. Shafer
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jun 2014, 27 (3) 587-613; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00010-14

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st Century: Past, Evolution, and Future
Magnus Unemo, William M. Shafer
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jun 2014, 27 (3) 587-613; DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00010-14
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  • Top
  • Article
    • SUMMARY
    • INTRODUCTION
    • GONORRHEA
    • DIAGNOSIS OF GONORRHEA AND DETECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
    • HISTORY OF TREATMENT REGIMENS AND RESISTANCE EVOLUTION
    • MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN N. GONORRHOEAE
    • ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND GONOCOCCAL FITNESS
    • ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND GONOCOCCAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIALS
    • INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES TO RESISTANCE EVOLUTION AND POSSIBLE EMERGENCE OF UNTREATABLE GONORRHEA
    • FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR TREATMENT
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
    • Author Bios
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

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