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Latest Articles

  • The Role of <em>Ureaplasma</em> spp. in the Development of Nongonococcal Urethritis and Infertility among Men
    Review
    The Role of Ureaplasma spp. in the Development of Nongonococcal Urethritis and Infertility among Men

    Ureaplasma spp. are a genus of bacteria for which two human-associated species exist: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. Their definition as a pathogen in the context of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and infertility among males remains highly controversial, largely due to...

    Michael L. Beeton, Matthew S. Payne, Lucy Jones
    3 Jul 2019
  • Pathogenomics of Emerging <em>Campylobacter</em> Species
    Review
    Pathogenomics of Emerging Campylobacter Species

    Campylobacter is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported Campylobacter infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, C. coli;...

    Daniela Costa, Gregorio Iraola
    3 Jul 2019
  • Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies
    Review
    Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies

    The microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) protects the host from bacterial pathogenic colonization by competing for adherence to epithelial cells and by immune response regulation that includes the activation of antimicrobial and (anti-)inflammatory components. However, environmental or host factors can modify the microbiota to an unstable community that predisposes the host to infection or inflammation. One of the URT...

    Marianne F. L. van den Broek, Ilke De Boeck, Filip Kiekens, An Boudewyns, Olivier M. Vanderveken, Sarah Lebeer
    3 Jul 2019
  • Global Extraintestinal Pathogenic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> (ExPEC) Lineages
    Review
    Global Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Lineages

    Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains are responsible for a majority of human extraintestinal infections globally, resulting in enormous direct medical and social costs. ExPEC strains are comprised of many lineages, but only a subset is responsible for the vast majority of infections. Few systematic surveillance systems exist for ExPEC.

    ...
    Amee R. Manges, Hyun Min Geum, Alice Guo, Thaddeus J. Edens, Chad D. Fibke, Johann D. D. Pitout
    12 Jun 2019
  • Cystic Fibrosis and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>: the Host-Microbe Interface
    Review
    Cystic Fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the Host-Microbe Interface

    In human pathophysiology, the clash between microbial infection and host immunity contributes to multiple diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a classical example of this phenomenon, wherein a dysfunctional, hyperinflammatory immune response combined with chronic pulmonary infections wreak havoc upon the airway, leading to a disease course of substantial morbidity and shortened life span.

    Sankalp Malhotra, Don Hayes, Jr., Daniel J. Wozniak
    29 May 2019
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions in Gram-Positive Bacterial Pneumonia
    Review
    Host-Pathogen Interactions in Gram-Positive Bacterial Pneumonia

    Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite broad literature including basic and translational scientific studies, many gaps in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions remain.

    Jennifer A. Grousd, Helen E. Rich, John F. Alcorn
    29 May 2019
  • Open Access
    A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) and Algorithms Including NAATs for the Diagnosis of <em>Clostridioides</em> (<em>Clostridium</em>) <em>difficile</em> in Adults
    Clinical Microbiology Best Practices
    A Laboratory Medicine Best Practices Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) and Algorithms Including NAATs for the Diagnosis of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in Adults

    The evidence base for the optimal laboratory diagnosis of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in adults is currently unresolved due to the uncertain performance characteristics and various combinations of tests. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory testing algorithms that include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to detect the presence of...

    Colleen S. Kraft, J. Scott Parrott, Nancy E. Cornish, Matthew L. Rubinstein, Alice S. Weissfeld, Peggy McNult, Irving Nachamkin, Romney M. Humphries, Thomas J. Kirn, Jennifer Dien Bard, Joseph D. Lutgring, Jonathan C. Gullett, Cassiana E. Bittencourt, Susan Benson, April M. Bobenchik, Robert L. Sautter, Vickie Baselski, Michel C. Atlas, Elizabeth M. Marlowe, Nancy S. Miller, Monika Fischer, Sandra S. Richter, Peter Gilligan, James W. Snyder
    29 May 2019
  • Point-of-Care HIV Viral Load Testing: an Essential Tool for a Sustainable Global HIV/AIDS Response
    Review
    Point-of-Care HIV Viral Load Testing: an Essential Tool for a Sustainable Global HIV/AIDS Response

    The global public health community has set ambitious treatment targets to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic. With the notable absence of a cure, the goal of HIV treatment is to achieve sustained suppression of an HIV viral load, which allows for immunological recovery and reduces the risk of onward HIV transmission.

    Paul K. Drain, Jienchi Dorward, Andrew Bender, Lorraine Lillis, Francesco Marinucci, Jilian Sacks, Anna Bershteyn, David S. Boyle, Jonathan D. Posner, Nigel Garrett
    15 May 2019
  • Extended Dosing Regimens for Fungal Prophylaxis
    Review
    Extended Dosing Regimens for Fungal Prophylaxis

    Invasive fungal diseases carry high morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing chemotherapy for hematological malignancies or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In order to prevent these life-threatening infections, antifungal chemoprophylaxis plays an important role in daily clinical practice.

    Thomas Lehrnbecher, Konrad Bochennek, Thomas Klingebiel, Silke Gastine, Georg Hempel, Andreas H. Groll
    15 May 2019
  • Hypervirulent <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>
    Review
    Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae

    Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) is an evolving pathotype that is more virulent than classical K. pneumoniae (cKp). hvKp usually infects individuals from the community, who are often healthy.

    Thomas A. Russo, Candace M. Marr
    15 May 2019

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Clinical Microbiology Reviews ® (CMR) analyzes the latest developments in clinical microbiology and immunology, providing the current state of knowledge in the field, as well as balanced, thought-provoking perspectives on controversial issues.

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